SolidWhip

organic bed linen

2006-10-29T11:55:00.000-08:00

Livs range of soft luxurious bed linenis sourced ethically from India and using a fair trade policy. Liv also provide duvet cover set and bath towel set.

General Security, Committee Of

2005-04-04T07:01:00.000-07:00

French Comité De Sûreté Générale, organ of the French Revolutionary government. It directed the political police and Revolutionary justice. Founded by the National Convention in 1792, the committee administered the Reign of Terror of 1793–94, along with the Committee of Public Safety. See also Revolutionary Tribunal.

Haakon V Magnusson,

2005-04-04T00:27:00.000-07:00

The younger son of Magnus VI Lawmender, Haakon succeeded his older brother, Erik II Magnusson, in 1299. Determined to reduce the

Dowlaiswaram

2005-04-03T05:43:00.000-07:00

Town, East Godavari district, northeastern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India, on the Godavari River Delta. Dowlaiswaram is located at the source of the great delta, and a dam 2 mi (3.2 km) long crosses the river at this point, supplying canals that irrigate 1,000,000 ac (400,000 ha). Rice fields, gardens, and villages are scattered over the deltaic region that surrounds the mainly agricultural

Venice Majolica

2005-04-02T10:44:00.000-08:00

Majolica also spelled Maiolica, tin-glazed earthenware made at Venice that reached its stylistic zenith in the 16th century. The workshops of Maestro Ludovico (fl. 1540–45), Domenigo da Venezia (fl. 1550–60), and Jacomo da Pesaro (fl. 1543) produced outstanding ware of this type. Venetian potters excelled in painting arrangements of decorative trophies, globes, musical instruments, and other apparatus, executed in a brilliant

Murat River

2005-04-01T13:43:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Murad River, Turkish Murat Nehri, river, the major headstream of the Euphrates. In antiquity it was called Arsanias. The river rises north of Lake Van near Mount Ararat, in eastern Turkey, and flows westward for 449 miles (722 km) through a mountainous region to unite with the Karasu Çayi and form the Upper Euphrates near Malatya. Turkey's largest dam, the Keban, west of Elâzig, completed in 1974, is designed to provide electric

India, The Afghan factor in North India, 174772

2005-04-01T02:30:00.000-08:00

Unlike Nadir Shah, Ahmad Shah Abdali (or Ahmad Shah Durrani)—as Ahmad Khan came to be known after 1747—had little interest in the area west of Afghanistan. Rather, his principal endeavour was to create a state that would lie astride the major overland trade routes that passed from northern India to Central and western Asia. Qandahar naturally had an important place in this scheme, but a great

Vajirañanavarorasa

2005-03-31T13:23:00.000-08:00

Vajirañana was a son of King Mongkut and spent, by his own account, a youth of profligate luxury. Early contact with a scholarly and ascetic Scottish physician, Peter Gowan, and Prince

Winterhalter, Franz Xaver

2005-03-31T01:11:00.000-08:00

Trained in Freiburg im Breisgau and Munich, Germany, Winterhalter entered court circles when in 1828 he became drawing master to Sophie, later grand duchess of Baden, at Karlsruhe. After 1834 he went to Paris and quickly became fashionable, at first under

Moivre, Abraham De

2005-03-30T05:16:00.000-08:00

A French Huguenot, de Moivre was jailed as a Protestant upon the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. When he was released shortly thereafter, he fled to England. In London he became a close friend of Sir Isaac Newton and the astronomer

Alberdi, Juan Bautista

2005-03-29T18:51:00.000-08:00

As an opponent of the dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas, Alberdi went into exile in 1838, studying law in Uruguay and also living in Chile and in Europe. After the overthrow of Rosas in 1852, Alberdi wrote

Talence

2005-03-29T01:31:00.000-08:00

Town, Gironde département, Aquitaine région, southern suburb of Bordeaux, southwestern France. It is a centre for jet-aircraft production and has light industry and wine making. An extension of Bordeaux University (now Bordeaux University I), with housing for 30,000 students, was erected there in the 1960s and has since become a major educational and research centre. Pop. (1990) 36,172.

Barnet, Charlie

2005-03-29T01:26:00.000-08:00

Born into a wealthy family, Barnet rejected their urging that he become a corporate lawyer and instead turned to music. He led his first band at age 16, on a transatlantic liner, and eventually made 22 such crossings; he also visited the South Seas and Latin

Computers, Embedded systems

2005-03-27T16:52:00.000-08:00

One can look at the development of the electronic computer as occurring in waves. The first large wave was the mainframe era, when many people had to share single machines. (The mainframe era is covered in the section The age of Big Iron.) In this view, the minicomputer era can be seen as a mere eddy in the larger wave, a development that allowed a favoured few to have greater

Wallas, Graham

2005-03-26T08:12:00.000-08:00

Wallas studied at Oxford (1877–81) and was a teacher (1881–90). He joined the Fabian Society in 1886 and was a contributor to Fabian Essays in Socialism (1889). Growing dissatisfied with the anti-liberal

Niccolò Dell'arca

2005-03-26T01:10:00.000-08:00

Also called Niccolo Da Bari early Renaissance Italian sculptor famed for his expressionistic use of northern Gothic realism in combination with true compositional principles of Renaissance art. Niccolò takes his name from the tomb (arca in Italian) of St. Dominic in the church of S. Domenico, Bologna, where he made the canopy and most of the freestanding figures (1469–94). His masterpiece is the passionately

Wainscot

2005-03-25T20:08:00.000-08:00

Traditionally, British wainscot

Demosthenes

2005-03-25T11:47:00.000-08:00

Athenian statesman, recognized as the greatest of ancient Greek orators, who roused Athens to oppose Philip of Macedon and, later, his son Alexander the Great. His speeches provide valuable information on the political, social, and economic life of 4th-century Athens.

Egypt, Ancient, The 9th dynasty (c. 21302080 BC)

2005-03-24T19:07:00.000-08:00

After the end of the 8th dynasty the throne passed to kings from Heracleopolis, who made their native city the capital, although Memphis continued to be important. They were acknowledged throughout the country, but inscriptions of nomarchs (chief officials of nomes) in the south show that the kings' rule was nominal. At Dara, north of Asyut, for example, a local ruler called

Theatre, African

2005-03-22T09:12:00.000-08:00

The content and style of urban African theatre are influenced by both African dramatic traditions and Western theatre. The influence of Western styles is the result of

United States, Animal life

2005-03-22T07:09:00.000-08:00

The mammals of the two coasts are strikingly different, though true seals (the harbour seal and the harp seal) are found on both. The sea lions, with longer necks and with projecting ears, are found only in the Pacific—the California sea lion, the more northern Steller's sea lion, and the fur seal. On the East Coast the larger rivers of Florida are inhabited by the Florida manatee, or sea cow, a close relative of the more widespread and more distinctively marine West Indian species.

Hetaera

2005-03-22T06:14:00.000-08:00

Greek Hetaira (Female Companion), one of a class of professional independent courtesans of ancient Greece who, besides developing physical beauty, cultivated their minds and talents to a degree far beyond that allowed to the average Attic woman. Usually living fashionably alone, or sometimes two or three together, the hetaerae enjoyed an enviable and respected position of wealth

Mormon

2005-03-21T15:34:00.000-08:00

Mormon doctrine diverges from the orthodoxy of established Christianity, particularly in its polytheism, in affirming that God has evolved from man and that men might evolve into gods, that the Persons of the Trinity are distinct beings, and that human souls have preexisted. Mormons accept that Christ came to earth so that all might be saved and raised from the dead

Amsterdam-rhine Canal

2005-03-20T09:14:00.000-08:00

Dutch Amsterdam-rijnkanaal, waterway connecting the port of Amsterdam with the Lek River (via Utrecht) and the Waal River (at Tiel) in The Netherlands. Inaugurated in 1952, it has a total length of 45 miles (72 km) and four locks. It is considered to be the most heavily used canal in western Europe, and it handles vessels of up to 4,300 tons' displacement. The canal's minimum depth is 18 feet (5.5 m).

Biblical Literature, II Enoch

2005-03-20T02:02:00.000-08:00

Similar in content is II Enoch, or The Book of the Secrets of Enoch, which is preserved only in an Old Slavonic translation. The oldest text does not contain any Christian additions nor any passage from which it could be concluded that the book was written in Greek. Thus, the book could have been written originally in Hebrew or Aramaic, probably in the 1st century CE. The hero

Dievs

2005-03-19T18:09:00.000-08:00

Also called Debestevs (Latvian), Lithuanian Dievas , Old Prussian Deivas in Baltic religion, the sky god. Dievs and Laima, the goddess of human fate, determine human destiny and world order. Dievs is a wooer of Saule, the sun. As pictured by the pre-Christian Balts, he is an Iron Age Baltic king who lives on a farmstead in the sky. Wearing a silver gown, pendants, and a sword, he occasionally rides down to earth, on horseback or in a horse-drawn chariot,

Robber Fly

2005-03-19T11:52:00.000-08:00

Also called Assassin Fly, any predatory insect of the family Asilidae (order Diptera), numbering about 4,000 species, worldwide in distribution. These flies have variable lengths that range to almost 8 cm (3 inches). They are the largest of all flies. Most are dull in colour, and their stout bodies resemble those of bumble bees. Between the large-faceted eyes is a moustache of bristles. The long legs are adapted

Mare

2005-03-19T10:10:00.000-08:00

Plural Maria, any flat, dark plain of lower elevation on the Moon. The term, which in Latin means “sea,” was erroneously applied to such a feature of the lunar surface by telescopic observers of the 17th century. In actuality, maria are huge lava flows marked by ridges, graben, rilles, and faults and are devoid of any water. There are 14 surficial areas of this type, and all of them occur on the side

Competitive Exclusion, Principle Of

2005-03-18T05:02:00.000-08:00

Also called Gause's Principle, or Grinnell's Axiom (after G.F. Gause, a Soviet biologist, and J. Grinnell, an American naturalist, who first clearly established it), statement that in competition between species that seek the same ecological niche, one species survives while the other expires under a given set of environmental conditions.

Puente-genil

2005-03-17T08:59:00.000-08:00

Town, Cordova province, in the comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”) of Andalusia, southern Spain, located south of Cordova city, on the Cordova–Málaga railway. An agricultural centre, Puente-Genil produces olive oil, quince and other fruit jellies, linen, and insecticides. It takes its name from the bridge (puente) over the Genil River connecting the two sections

Brumel, Valery

2005-03-17T03:30:00.000-08:00

Brumel was educated at the Central Institute of Physical Culture (Moscow), graduating in 1967; he was made an honoured master of sport of the Soviet Union in 1961 and became a member of the Communist Party in 1964. He set his first world record in 1961 with a jump of 2.23 metres (7 feet

Insurance, Russia

2005-03-16T16:02:00.000-08:00

Insurance in Russia was nationalized after the Russian Revolution of 1917. Domestic insurance in the Soviet Union was offered by a single agency, Gosstrakh, and insurance on foreign risks by a companion company, Ingosstrakh. Ingosstrakh continues to insure foreign-owned property in Russia and Russian-owned property abroad. It accepts reinsurance from foreign insurers.

Sea Cave

2005-03-16T06:33:00.000-08:00

Cave formed in a cliff by wave action of an ocean or lake. Sea caves occur on almost every cliffed headland or coast where the waves break directly on a rock cliff and are formed by mechanical erosion rather than the chemical solution process that is responsible for the majority of inland caves. Zones of weakness in the cliff give way under the force of the waves and

Cat, Domestic

2005-03-15T15:47:00.000-08:00

Also called house cat, (species Felis catus), domesticated member of the family Felidae, order Carnivora. Like all felids, domestic cats, the smallest members of the family, are characterized by supple, low-slung bodies, finely molded heads, long tails that aid in balance, and specialized teeth and claws that adapt them admirably to a life of active hunting. Domestic cats possess other features

Aymara

2005-03-15T13:30:00.000-08:00

Large South American Indian group living in the vast windy Titicaca plateau of the central Andes in modern Peru and Bolivia. They speak languages of the Aymaran group. In colonial times the Aymara tribes were the Canchi, Colla, Lupaca, Collagua, Ubina, Pacasa, Caranga, Charca, Quillaca, Omasuyo, and Collahuaya. In addition, the Aymaran language was anciently spoken in

Atacama

2005-03-15T08:04:00.000-08:00

Región, northern Chile. It is bounded on the east by Argentina and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Created as a province in 1843 and as a región in 1974, it includes Chañaral, Copiapó, and Huasco provincias and San Félix and San Ambrosio islands, which lie in the Pacific about 500 miles (800 km) west of Chañaral, the main port. The Atacama Desert covers much of the región. North of Copiapó (q.v.), the

Lutheranism, Lutheran Confessions

2005-03-14T15:40:00.000-08:00

The official teaching of the Lutheran churches is that of the Book of Concord (1580), which contains the three ancient creeds (Apostles', Nicene, and Athanasian), the Augsburg Confession, the Apology of the Augsburg Confession, Luther's Schmalkaldic Articles, Luther's Small and Large Catechism, Melanchthon's “Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope,” and the Formula of Concord.

Kadár, Ján

2005-03-13T09:06:00.000-08:00

Kadár attended Charles University, Prague, and the Film School at Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (1938). During World War II he was interned in a Nazi labour camp, after which he worked as a scriptwriter and assistant director, first at

Vermeer, Johannes

2005-03-13T01:40:00.000-08:00

Since Vermeer's name is not mentioned in Delft archival records during the late 1640s or early 1650s, it is possible

Ysopet

2005-03-12T23:32:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Isopet, in French literature, a medieval collection of fables, often versions of Aesop's Fables. The word was first applied to a collection of tales written by Marie de France in the late 12th century; they were said to be based directly on an English version of Aesop's Fables (Esope) attributed to King Alfred the Great, of Wessex, and no longer extant. Another source, better-documented,

Togo, German occupation

2005-03-12T22:26:00.000-08:00

German missionaries arrived in Ewe territory in 1847, and German traders were soon established at Anécho. In 1884 Gustav Nachtigal, sent by the German government, induced a number of coastal chiefs to accept German protection. The protectorate was recognized in 1885, and its coastal frontiers with Dahomey and the Gold Coast were defined by treaties with France and Great Britain.

Francescatti, Zino

2005-03-11T17:31:00.000-08:00

A child prodigy, he studied violin from age three. He made his debut at five, soloed successfully in Beethoven's Violin Concerto at 10, and was an

Qoboza, Percy (peter)

2005-03-11T05:43:00.000-08:00

After studying theology in Basutoland (now Lesotho) and at Pax Training College in Pietersburg (1959), Qoboza turned to journalism and joined the staff of the World (1963); he became editor in 1974. Under his leadership,

Wright Flyer Of 1905

2005-03-11T00:57:00.000-08:00

The flyer took to the air for the first time on June 23, 1905, at Huffman Prairie, a pasture located on the streetcar line some 8 miles

Gahn, Johan Gottlieb

2005-03-10T13:34:00.000-08:00

Swedish mineralogist and crystallographer who discovered manganese in 1774. His failure to win fame may be related to the fact that he published little. He saved the notes, papers, and letters of his friend Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who discovered chlorine, but not his own. His essays on the balance and use of the blowpipe in analysis

Viscosity

2005-03-09T06:19:00.000-08:00

Resistance of a fluid (liquid or gas) to a change in shape, or movement of neighbouring portions relative to one another. Viscosity denotes opposition to flow. The reciprocal of the viscosity is called the fluidity, a measure of the ease of flow. Molasses, for example, has a greater viscosity than water. Because part of a fluid that is forced to move carries along to some

Yudenich, Nikolay

2005-03-08T17:15:00.000-08:00

Having entered the Imperial Army in 1879, Yudenich graduated from the General Staff Academy in 1887, served on the General Staff from 1887 until 1902, and then became a regimental commander. After participating in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), he was promoted

Kerguelen Cabbage

2005-03-08T05:49:00.000-08:00

(species Pringlea antiscorbutica), plant resembling the common cabbage and belonging to the same family (Brassicaceae). It was named for Kerguelen Island. The leaves of the plant contain a pale-yellow, highly pungent essential oil rich in ascorbic acid (vitamin C), for which reason it was a useful dietary supplement against scurvy. It was discovered by the British explorer

Annelid, Oligochaetes

2005-03-08T02:22:00.000-08:00

The body of oligochaetes is uniformly segmented and has conspicuous segmental lines. The prostomium is usually a simple lobe overhanging the mouth and lacking appendages. The microscopically small eyes are scattered over the body. The clitellum, a saddle-shaped thickening of the body wall, is present at sexual maturity. The anus is at the posterior tip. Setae generally

Pet

2005-03-07T17:35:00.000-08:00

While a pet is generally kept for the pleasure that it can give to its owner, often, especially with horses, dogs, and cats, as well as with some other animals, this pleasure appears to be mutual. Thus, pet keeping can be described as a symbiotic relationship, one that benefits both animals and human

Consideration

2005-03-07T08:34:00.000-08:00

In contract law, an inducement given to enter into a contract that is sufficient to render the promise enforceable in the courts. The technical requirement is either a detriment incurred by the person making the promise or a benefit received by the other person. Thus, the person seeking to enforce the promise must have paid, or bound himself to pay, money, parted with

Han River

2005-03-07T07:58:00.000-08:00

Wade–Giles romanization Han Shui, Pinyin Han Shui, one of the most important tributaries of the Yangtze River of China. It has a total length of about 952 mi (1,532 km). The Han Shui rises in the Shen-ch'iung Shan (mountains), part of the Mi-t'sang Shan in the north of Ning-ch'iang County in the extreme southwest of Shensi Province. Its upper stream is known successively as the Yü-tai Ho, the Yang Shui, and, below Mien-hsien, the Mien Shui. At Han-chung

Chandelier

2005-03-06T01:16:00.000-08:00

Brass chandeliers were made in the

Narratology

2005-03-05T17:59:00.000-08:00

The foundations of narratology

Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula

2005-03-05T13:06:00.000-08:00

Antarctica can be divided into three main parts: the smallest and the mildest in climate is the Antarctic Peninsula, extending from latitude 63° S off the tip of South America to a juncture with the main body of West Antarctica at a latitude of about 74° S. The ice cover of the Antarctic Peninsula is a complex of ice caps, piedmont and mountain glaciers, and small ice

Masai

2005-03-05T08:44:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Maasai nomadic pastoralists of East Africa. Masai is essentially a linguistic term, referring to speakers of this Eastern Sudanic language (usually called Maa) of the Nilo-Saharan language family. These include the pastoral Masai who range along the Great Rift Valley of Kenya and Tanzania, the Samburu of Kenya, and the semipastoral Arusha and Baraguyu (or Kwafi) of

Los Angeles

2005-03-04T16:25:00.000-08:00

Formerly Los Anjeles, capital of Bío-Bío provincia, Bío-Bío región, south-central Chile. It is located on a tributary of the Bío-Bío River in the southern part of the Central Valley. Founded in 1739 and elevated to city status in 1852, Los Angeles was swept by fire in 1820, has suffered earthquake damage repeatedly, and was destroyed several times in the long struggle with the Araucanian Indians. It is now an

Niceforo, Alfredo

2005-03-03T22:12:00.000-08:00

Italian sociologist, criminologist, and statistician who posited the theory that every person has a “deep ego” of antisocial, subconscious impulses that represent a throwback to precivilized existence. Accompanying this ego, and attempting to keep its latent delinquency in check, according to his concept, is

Rio Grande Do Norte

2005-03-02T20:07:00.000-08:00

The coastal strip

Endorphin

2005-03-02T19:09:00.000-08:00

Any of a group of opiate proteins with pain-relieving properties that are found naturally in the brain. The main substances identified as endorphins include the enkephalins, beta-endorphin, and dynorphin, which were discovered in the 1970s by Roger Guillemin and other researchers. Endorphins are distributed in characteristic patterns throughout the nervous system,

Lo-johansson, Ivar

2005-03-02T17:27:00.000-08:00

Lo-Johansson was first recognized in the mid-1930s for his detailed and realistic depiction of the plight of landless Swedish peasants, known as statare, in two volumes of

Durant, William Crapo

2005-03-01T11:08:00.000-08:00

After establishing a carriage company in Michigan in 1886, Durant took over a small firm in 1903 and began to manufacture Buick motorcars. He brought together several automotive manufacturers

Wanganui River

2005-03-01T04:07:00.000-08:00

River in central North Island, New Zealand. It rises on the western slopes of Mount Ngauruhoe and flows northwest to Taumarunui and then south to empty into the Tasman Sea at South Taranaki Bight. Draining a basin of 2,850 square miles (7,380 square km), the Wanganui, 180 miles (290 km) long, is fed by the Ongarue, Tangarakau, and Ohura rivers. A sandbar at its mouth, near Wanganui city, blocks the

Paasikivi, Juho Kusti

2005-02-28T15:27:00.000-08:00

Paasikivi studied law and history at the universities of Stockholm, Uppsala, and Leipzig and from 1902 to 1903 was a lecturer in law at the University

Asheboro

2005-02-28T01:23:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1796) of Randolph county, central North Carolina, U.S. It lies in the forested Uwharrie Mountains about 25 miles (40 km) south of Greensboro. Asheboro (originally Asheborough) was founded in 1796 on land that was once the home of Keyauwee Indians; a prehistoric Native American burial ground nearby was excavated in 1936. The name honours North Carolina Governor Samuel Ashe (1725–1813). The community

Faber, Lothar Von; And Faber, Eberhard

2005-02-27T08:06:00.000-08:00

Taking over a pencil business started by his great-grandfather Kaspar Faber (d. 1784) near Nürnberg, Lothar von Faber established branches

Thomas, William

2005-02-27T01:50:00.000-08:00

Originally a land surveyor, Thomas was ordained in the Calvinistic Methodist ministry in 1859. From

Arabic Language

2005-02-26T22:29:00.000-08:00

Arabic is the language of the Qur'an (or Koran, the sacred book of Islam) and the religious language of all Muslims. Literary Arabic, usually called Classical Arabic, is essentially the form of the language

T'u-ti

2005-02-26T09:57:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Tudi (Chinese: “Place God”), type of Chinese god whose deification and functions are determined by local residents. The chief characteristic of a T'u-ti is the limitation of his jurisdiction to a single place—e.g., a bridge, a street, a temple, a public building, a private home, or a field. In the case of private homes, the T'u-ti is often identified with the god of riches. In all cases, a T'u-ti

Spain, Wildlife

2005-02-25T11:46:00.000-08:00

The proximity of Africa has given Spain more African species than are found in the other Mediterranean peninsulas, while the Pyrenean barrier and the general extent of the country explain the number of indigenous species. The European wolf and the brown bear survive in the wildest areas of the northeast. The Barbary ape is possibly indigenous but more likely an

Afghanistan, Nadir Shah

2005-02-24T08:13:00.000-08:00

In 1738, after a year's siege, the city of Kandahar fell to Nadir Shah's army of 80,000 men. Nadir Shah seized Ghazna and Kabul and occupied the Mughal capital at Delhi in 1739. His booty included

Prehistoric Religion, Shamanism, sorcery, and magic

2005-02-24T07:58:00.000-08:00

Shamanism is a rather variable and highly stratified complex of practices and conceptions; characteristic among these are the use of ecstasy, the belief in guardian spirits (who are often in animal form, with the function of helping and guiding the dead on their voyage to the beyond), and beliefs concerning metamorphosis (change of form) and travelling to the beyond.

Kettle Gong

2005-02-24T07:24:00.000-08:00

Percussion instrument of the Bronze Age cultures of China, Indochina, and Indonesia. It was used mainly in rainmaking rites. Some kettle gongs from northern Vietnam are dated between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC. When played, they are suspended so that the striking surface (the head) is vertical.

European Exploration

2005-02-23T18:45:00.000-08:00

The motives that spur human beings to examine their environment are many. Strong among them are the satisfaction of curiosity, the pursuit of trade, the spread of religion, and the desire for security and political power.

Caries

2005-02-22T17:54:00.000-08:00

Diet,

Neoplatonism

2005-02-22T04:48:00.000-08:00

The last school of Greek philosophy, given its definitive shape in the 3rd century Ad by the one great philosophical and religious genius of the school, Plotinus. The ancient philosophers who are generally classified as Neoplatonists called themselves simple “Platonists,” as did the philosophers of the Renaissance and the 17th century whose ideas derive from ancient Neoplatonism. See Platonism.

Argun River

2005-02-21T23:24:00.000-08:00

Chinese (Pinyin) Ergun He or (Wade-Giles) O-erh-ku-na Ho

Saint Clair River

2005-02-21T09:37:00.000-08:00

Outlet for Lake Huron, forming part of the boundary between Michigan, U.S. (west), and Ontario, Can. (east). Flowing southward into Lake Saint Clair, with a fall of 5.7 feet (1.7 m) in 39 miles (63 km), the river discharges through a seven-mouth delta, with the South Channel (27-foot [8-metre] minimum depth) used for deep-drafted vessels. The islands in the delta form popular summer resorts, the largest being

Computers And Information Systems

2005-02-21T02:37:00.000-08:00

A flurry of legal and Internet activity swirled around the computer industry in 2003, contrasting sharply with slowed sales for computers and software. While industry sales languished and layoffs continued, consumers and businesses experienced the wrath of Internet worms and viruses. Junk e-mail, called spam, clogged e-mail inboxes everywhere, and legislators mobilized

Black Pepper

2005-02-20T01:24:00.000-08:00

In early

Lilar, Suzanne

2005-02-19T16:40:00.000-08:00

Lilar was of Flemish origins. She began her career as

Ammonite

2005-02-18T19:47:00.000-08:00

Any member of an ancient Semitic people whose principal city was Rabbath Ammon, in Palestine. The “sons of Ammon” were in perennial, though sporadic, conflict with the Israelites. After a long period of seminomadic existence, the Ammonites established a kingdom north of Moab in the 13th century BC. With difficulty, their fortress capital was captured by Israel's King David.

Truman, Bess

2005-02-18T14:20:00.000-08:00

Retiring to their home in Independence, the Trumans had less to do with politics than with their grandchildren and friends. After her death Bess was buried beside her husband at the Harry S. Truman Library and Museum in Independence. For his unpretentious wife, he had already specified her epitaph: First Lady of the U.S., 1945–1953.

Zaporizhzhya

2005-02-18T02:11:00.000-08:00

Russian Zaporozhye, also spelled Zaporozhe, or Zaporozje, formerly (until 1921) Aleksandrovsk, city and administrative centre of Zaporizhzhya oblast (province), southeastern Ukraine, on the Dnieper River just below its former rapids. In 1770 the fortress of Aleksandrovsk was established to ensure government control over the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, whose headquarters were on nearby Khortitsa Island. The settlement became a town in 1806. The growth of the city dates

Dahlbergh, Eric, Count (greve)

2005-02-16T17:48:00.000-08:00

After serving as an engineer (1655–57) in Sweden's Polish campaign, Dahlbergh returned to fight

Nathdwara

2005-02-16T11:46:00.000-08:00

Town, southern Rajasthan state, northwestern India, just south of the Banas River. Connected by road with Udaipur and close to the Malvi rail junction, Nathdwara is a place of Hindu pilgrimage; it contains a 17th-century Vaishnavite shrine that is one of the most famous in India. Within the temple is a celebrated image of the god Krishna, popularly said to date to the 12th century

Encyclopaedia, China

2005-02-16T09:28:00.000-08:00

The contribution from the East to the history of encyclopaedias is distinctive and covers a longer period than that of the West. The Chinese have produced encyclopaedias for approximately 2,000 years, but traditionally they differ from the modern Western encyclopaedia in that they are mainly anthologies of significant literature with some elements of the dictionary.

Jammu And Kashmir, Animal life

2005-02-16T03:05:00.000-08:00

Among the wild mammals found in the state are the Siberian ibex, the Ladakh urial (a species of wild sheep with a reddish coat), the rare hangul (or Kashmir stag) found in Dachigam National Park, and black and brown bears. There are many species of game birds, including vast numbers of migratory ducks.

Pierre

2005-02-14T20:05:00.000-08:00

Capital of South Dakota, U.S., seat (1880) of Hughes county, on the Missouri River, in the geographic centre of the state. Before 1800 the capital of the Arikara Indian nation was located on its site. Founded in June 1880 as the western terminus of the Chicago and North Western Railway, it was first known as Mahto (Sioux: “Bear”) but was renamed in December 1880 for Pierre Chouteau, a French fur trader.

Beardfish

2005-02-14T19:05:00.000-08:00

Any of the five species of fishes in the genus Polymixia constituting the family Polymixiidae (order Beryciformes). Beardfishes are restricted primarily to deep-sea marine habitats in tropical and temperate regions of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They generally are found at depths from about 200 to 600 metres (650 to 2,000 feet). The term beardfish comes from the beardlike appearance

Fruitworm Beetle

2005-02-14T13:19:00.000-08:00

Any of a few genera of insects in the family Byfuridae (order Coleoptera) whose larvae feed on fruit. A common example of this family of small, hairy, oval beetles is the raspberry fruitworm (Byturus rubi). The small, pale larva, which is covered with short fine hairs, attacks the raspberry fruit. The adult, which ranges in colour from reddish yellow to black, is about 4 mm (0.16 inch)

Sweatshop

2005-02-13T05:05:00.000-08:00

Workplace in which workers are employed for long hours at low wages and under unhealthy or oppressive conditions. In England, the word “sweater” was used as early as 1850 to describe an employer or middleman who exacted monotonous work at very low wages. Sweating first became widespread in the United States during the 1880s, when immigrants from eastern and southern Europe

Arts, Central Asian, Bactria

2005-02-12T15:38:00.000-08:00

The most Hellenized of these states in western Turkistan and Afghanistan was Bactria. Its fine coinage, for example, was distinctly Hellenistic in style, and Bactrian silversmiths were often influenced as much by Roman as Greek Hellenistic metalwork. Alexander the Great annexed Kabul to Bactria and founded Alexandria-Kapisu, a city astride the Indian caravan

Astorga

2005-02-11T15:21:00.000-08:00

City, León provincia, in Castile-León comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”), northwestern Spain, on the left bank of the Tuerto River on a spur of the Manzanal mountain chain. It originated as the Roman Asturica Augusta (called a “magnificent city” by Pliny) and was an important administrative and military centre. The see of a bishop since the 3rd century, Astorga decayed

Cabinet

2005-02-11T10:17:00.000-08:00

In furniture design, originally a small room for displaying precious objects and later a piece of furniture composed of a network of small drawers commonly enclosed by a pair of doors. Cabinets were first used in Italy during the late Renaissance. In many parts of Europe, cabinets became the most sumptuous pieces of furniture, with great displays of marquetry, carving,

Ust-ilimsk

2005-02-11T03:28:00.000-08:00

City and administrative centre of Ust-Ilimsk rayon (sector), Irkutsk oblast (province), south-central Russia. It became a city in 1973 in connection with the building of the nearby Ust-Ilimsk dam and hydroelectric-power station on the Angara River. A huge timber-processing complex was constructed there in the early 1980s. Pop. (1994 est.) 111,100.

Goatfish

2005-02-10T13:06:00.000-08:00

Goatfishes are characterized by two well-separated dorsal fins and by a pair of long, sensory chin barbels. The barbels are used to find the small, bottom-living invertebrates on which the fishes feed; when not in use, the barbels are flattened into a groove on the throat. Inhabitants

Trident Missile

2005-02-09T17:12:00.000-08:00

American-made submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) that succeeded the Poseidon and Polaris missiles in the 1980s and '90s. Under development from the late 1960s, the Trident developed into two models. The Trident I, or C-4, is 34 feet (10.4 m) long and 6 feet (1.8 m) in diameter. It can deliver eight independently targetable 100-kiloton nuclear warheads to a range of 4,600 miles (7,400 km). The Trident II, or D-5, is

Antigonus Ii Gonatas

2005-02-09T06:44:00.000-08:00

Antigonus II was the son of Demetrius I Poliorcetes and grandson of Antigonus I. While Demetrius was busy fighting in Macedonia and Asia Minor, Antigonus, as his regent, was engaged in maintaining Macedonian hegemony in Greece, which had been achieved in 287 BC. Demetrius was

Dolores River

2005-02-09T02:24:00.000-08:00

River in southwest Colorado, U.S., rising in the La Plata Mountains and flowing southwest through deep canyons, past Dolores, then northwest through Paradox Valley, at the north end of which it is met by its chief tributary, the San Miguel River. It continues on past Gateway and across the Utah border to join the Colorado River near Moab after a course of about 250 miles (400 km). Melting